The sudden outbreak of the new coronavirus disease forced the world to scramble to contain its rapid spread using effective diagnostic tests among the population in order to rapidly detect infected individuals and halt transmission. Governments have implemented different strategies for the testing of potentially infected individuals ranging from mass testing efforts at a household level to a more passive mode of surveillance. The usefulness of mass testing in the current context of the ever-increasing number of new cases and premature deaths has been demonstrated. However, the factors that influence access to a COVID-19 diagnostic test have not been fully explored, especially in the case of low- and middle-income countries such as Peru. For this reason, our objective was to evaluate the factors associated with performing diagnostic tests in a representative sample of Peruvians with symptoms compatible with COVID-19 during the 4 weeks before the survey.